Romuald Traugutt (16 January 1826 – 5 August 1864) was a Polish general and war hero, best known for commanding the January Uprising. From October 1863 to August 1864 he was the Dictator of Insurrection. He headed the Polish national government from 17 October 1863 to 20 April 1864, and was president of its Foreign Affairs Office.

Before the uprising he was a Lt. Colonel (podpułkownik) in the Russian army where he had won distinction in the Crimean War. He retired from the army in 1862 and became involved with conservative Polish nationalists. After leading a partisan unit in the initial rebellion, he became leader of the rebel forces in October 1863.

After the uprising failed, he was sentenced to death by the Russian regime and hanged near the Warsaw Citadel on 5 August 1864, aged 38, together with other rebel commanders (Rafał Krajewski, Józef Toczyski, Roman Żuliński and Jan Jeziorański). The Roman Catholic Church is considering his beatification due to his overwhelming devotion to God and his sacrifice for his homeland.

Remembrance

In 1916 a monument was raised in Warsaw on the site of his execution, and in 1925 the area around it was dedicated as Traugutt Park.

In 1945, he was honored on the first postage stamp of the newly re-emerged Republic of Poland as part of a three stamp set honoring national heroes. He had been earlier honored on a stamp in the 1938 set for the 20th anniversary of Poland’s independence after World War I. Poland issued additional stamps in his honor in 1962 and 1963. He was also commemorated on the Polish 20 zloty banknote of the 1980s.

The high school in Częstochowa is named after him, and a memorial column to him was erected in 1933 in Ciechocinek.