Eduard Baumgartner (* March 10, 1870 in Hallein; † November 4, 1948 in the city of Salzburg) was a Salzburg politician for the Social Democratic Workers' Party and a public school principal. He was a member of the Salzburg State Parliament from 1918 to 1934.

Education
Baumgartner attended seven classes at the Hallein elementary school and transferred to the Imperial and Royal High School in the city of Salzburg in 1885. He graduated from the high school in 1890 and passed his Matura exam at the Imperial and Royal State Teacher Training Institute in Salzburg that same year. From 1890 to 1894, he worked as a teacher in Saalfelden. In 1892, he passed the teaching qualification examination for elementary schools and in 1894 for public schools (now called Hauptschulen). From 1894 to 1896, he taught in Rauris and until 1904 as a specialist teacher in Hallein. From 1904 to 1922, he was a specialist teacher at the public school in the St. Andrä municipal school building on Haydnstrasse in Salzburg. In 1922, he became director of the Hallein boys' public school for two years. His teaching career was interrupted from 1915 to 1918 by voluntary service in the First World War.

In 1900, he founded the Hallein Adult Education Association.

In 1918, he was elected to the Salzburg State Parliament, where he devoted himself primarily to educational issues. This political activity ended on February 16, 1934, when the Social Democrats' mandates were revoked in the wake of the February fighting. He also spent several months in prison.

Public Activities
from 1898: Chairman of the Salzburg Teachers' Union
1903: Founder of the Hallein Adult Education Association
from 1904: Board member of the Salzburg Adult Education Association
1908: Founder of the "Anti-Clerical Cartel"
1904 to 1934: Editor of the Salzburger Wacht
1921 to 1923: City Councilor in Salzburg
November 7, 1918, to April 21, 1919: Member of the Provisional State Assembly
April 23, 1919, to May 3, 1922: Member of the Constituent State Parliament
May 4, 1922, to February 16, 1934: Member of the Salzburg State Parliament (2nd to 4th electoral term)
Publications (selection)
The Farmer in the Middle Ages. Lectures at the Salzburg Anti-Clerical Cartel. Salzburg (Kiesel) 1909.
Morality and Religiosity in the Good Old Days. Lectures at the Salzburg Anti-Clerical Cartel. Salzburg (self-published) 1911.
Wasted Millions. A Critique of the Austrian State Railway Administration. Salzburg (self-published) 1912.
The Austrian Cultural Shame. A Comparison of Austrian Teachers' Salaries with Each Other and with the Salaries of Imperial and Royal State Officials and Imperial and Royal State Employees Based on the Laws Effective as of January 1, 1913. Salzburg (State Teachers' Association) 1913.
The Farmer in the Struggle for Justice and Freedom. 1.: The Basic Relief! Salzburg (Graphia) 1919.
Local and District School Boards and Their Duties. Vienna (Volksbuchhandlung) 1919.
Salzburg. A Guide to the History of the City and Its Inhabitants. 1.: The Civic City up to 1280 and the Ecclesiastical Courts. Salzburg (State Teachers' Association) 1921.
Salzburg. A Guide to the History of the City and Its Inhabitants. 2.: The City from 1280 to 1921. Salzburg (State Teachers' Association) 1921.
The Salaries of Teachers at Public Elementary and Civic Schools: With Special Consideration of the Conditions in the State of Salzburg. Salzburg (Salzburg Teachers' Council) 1923.
The History of the German Peasant. 1.: The Prehistory of the Free German Village. Salzburg (Graphia) 1925.
The Great Peasants' War. The Enormous Struggle and Death of the Peasants of Germany Four Hundred Years Ago. Vienna (Volksbuchhandlung) 1925.
The Ecclesiastical Building Burden in Salzburg. Salzburg (Graphia) 1926.
St. Johann i.P.: A Historical Sketch. St. Johann (Ballatsch) 1926.
The work of the Social Democrats in the Salzburg State Parliament during the second electoral term, 1922-1927. Salzburg (Graphia) 1927.
How the Church acquired land. The emergence of the large ecclesiastical manorial estates in Austria. Vienna (Freethinkers' League) 1928.
The equalization allowances of 1926. A fundamental question of teacher automation. Salzburg (Free Teachers' Union) 1928.
The valley station of the Friends of Nature. The Barbara Tower and the Mönchsberg fortifications. Salzburg Watch 1929.
The Wizard's Jack. The beginnings of the great Salzburg magic trial, based on the files of the Golling district court, depicting how a magic trial came about. Salzburg (self-published) 1930.
The work of the Social Democrats in the communities of Salzburg and the obstacles to this work. Salzburg (SDAP) 1931.
How Salzburg was made Catholic: The Expulsion of the Protestants in 1731/32. Vienna (Volksbuchhandlung) 1931.
The Dispute over the Common Citizenship Lands in the Market Town of Werfen. A Contribution to the History of the Struggle between the Large and the Small in the Village. Salzburg (Graphia) 1931.
The Work of the Social Democrats in the Salzburg State Parliament. Salzburg (Graphia) 1932.
Honor
In 1955, Eduard-Baumgartner-Straße in Salzburg-Riedenburg was named after him.